Doğal Kaynaklarla İlgili Küresel Sorunlar Konu Anlatımı

Doğal Kaynaklarla İlgili Küresel Sorunlar

Konuya Giriş

**Theme 7: Life in Nature & Global Problems** temasının ikinci alt başlığı **Global Problems Related to Natural Resources** yani **Doğal Kaynaklarla İlgili Küresel Sorunlar**dır.

Bu konuda doğal kaynakların yanlış, aşırı veya dengesiz kullanımıyla bağlantılı çevre sorunları ele alınır. Ders kitabında özellikle şu problemler öne çıkar:

• deforestation
• habitat destruction
• loss of biodiversity
• soil pollution
• water pollution
• water shortage
• energy crisis
• greenhouse gases
• carbon footprint
• climate change
• global warming
• floods
• landslides
• overpopulation
• urbanisation
• industrialisation
• poverty
• food shortage

1. Environmental Problem

Glossary’de **environmental problem**:

**the harmful effects of human activities on nature and living things**

olarak tanımlanır.

2. Deforestation

Glossary’de **deforestation**:

**the act of cutting down many trees in an area so people can use the land or wood**

olarak tanımlanır.

Digital Story 7 ve Language Awareness textlerinde deforestation:

• habitat destruction,
• loss of biodiversity,
• extinction,
• landslides,
• floods

ile bağlantılıdır.

3. Habitat Destruction

Glossary’de **habitat destruction**:

**the loss of animals’ and plants’ living places**

olarak tanımlanır.

Digital Story 7’de Doğa: **deforestation and habitat destruction cause a serious loss of biodiversity**

fikrini vurgular.

4. Loss of Biodiversity

Glossary’de **loss of biodiversity**:

**the disappearance of many different plants and animals from an area**

olarak tanımlanır.

5. Extinction

Language Awareness text: deforestation nedeniyle animals:

• natural shelters’ını kaybeder,
• populations decrease,
• some species face extinction.

6. Soil Pollution

Glossary’de **soil pollution**:

**the presence of harmful things like chemicals or waste in the ground**

olarak tanımlanır.

Digital Story 7: Joseph’s farm has soil pollution, which weakens his crops.

7. Industrial Activities and Soil Pollution

Language Awareness text: industrial activities release harmful chemicals into the environment.

These chemicals:

• cause soil pollution,
• prevent plants from growing naturally,
• pollute freshwater resources.

8. Water Pollution

Digital Story 7 environmental-problem list includes:

**water pollution**

Language Awareness text explains one mechanism: harmful chemicals pollute freshwater resources.

9. Freshwater Becoming Unsafe

India paragraph:

• soil pollution,
• waste

make freshwater resources unsafe to drink or use.

10. Water Shortage

Glossary’de **water shortage**:

**the state of not having enough clean water for drinking, washing, or growing food**

olarak tanımlanır.

11. Water Shortage in India

India paragraph:

• rivers dry up in summer,
• groundwater supplies decrease,
• overpopulation increases pressure,
• crowded cities face greater risk,
• low monsoon rainfall means less water.

12. Groundwater Decrease

India: millions depend on groundwater, but underground supplies are decreasing.

Bu durum water shortage riskini artırır.

13. Overpopulation

Glossary’de **overpopulation**:

**the state of having more people in an area than its food, water, and space can support**

olarak tanımlanır.

14. Overpopulation in India

India paragraph: rapid overpopulation causes more people to move into urban areas.

Crowded cities such as:

• Delhi
• Chennai

face increased water-shortage risk.

15. Urbanisation

Glossary’de **urbanisation**:

**the growth of towns and cities as more people move there to live and work**

olarak tanımlanır.

16. Urbanisation and Resource Pressure

Nigeria paragraph: urbanisation forces millions from rural areas to large cities such as:

• Lagos
• Abuja

This increases:

• demand for electricity.

17. Industrialisation

Glossary’de **industrialisation**:

**the process of building many factories in a country or region**

olarak tanımlanır.

Nigeria paragraph: industrialisation puts extra pressure on the country’s energy system.

18. Energy Crisis

Glossary’de **energy crisis**:

**a time when people do not have enough power, fuel, or electricity for their needs**

olarak tanımlanır.

19. Energy Crisis in Nigeria

Nigeria’s energy crisis affects:

• houses,
• community buildings,
• factories.

Reasons include:

• increasing electricity demand,
• urbanisation,
• industrialisation.

20. Poverty

Glossary’de **poverty**:

**the state of being extremely poor**

olarak tanımlanır.

Nigeria paragraph: poverty prevents some people from using renewable alternatives because of low income.

21. Poverty and Water Shortage

Language Awareness: people in some regions spend much of their time accessing drinkable water.

This situation leads to:

• economic problems,
• poverty.

22. Greenhouse Gas

Glossary’de **greenhouse gas**:

**a gas that traps heat in the air and makes the Earth warmer**

olarak tanımlanır.

23. Too Many Cars and Greenhouse Gases

Digital Story 7: Eric warns that:

• using too many cars increases greenhouse gases.

24. Carbon Footprint

Glossary’de **carbon footprint**:

**the amount of carbon dioxide that a person, business, or country produces**

olarak tanımlanır.

Digital Story: more greenhouse gases lead to a larger carbon footprint.

25. Climate Change

Glossary’de **climate change**:

**the long-term shift in the Earth’s temperatures and weather conditions**

olarak tanımlanır.

Speaking example: coal and natural gas produce greenhouse gases, and this makes climate change worse.

26. Global Warming

Glossary’de **global warming**:

**the long-term heating of the Earth’s surface**

olarak tanımlanır.

Digital Story’s problem list includes global warming.

27. Climate Change vs Global Warming

Source definitions:

climate change:

• long-term shift in temperatures and weather conditions.

global warming:

• long-term heating of Earth’s surface.

28. Flood

Glossary’de **flood**:

**a large amount of water that covers an area that is usually dry**

olarak tanımlanır.

29. Landslide

Glossary’de **landslide**:

**a sudden movement of rocks and soil down a mountain or hill**

olarak tanımlanır.

30. Deforestation, Floods and Landslides

Language Awareness: when forests disappear:

• animals lose shelters,
• biodiversity declines,
• natural disasters such as landslides and floods become more devastating.

31. Food Shortage

Digital Story 7 list includes:

**food shortage**

Ruby’s Letter explains a cause-effect example:

• soil pollution makes farming difficult,
• people cannot grow enough food.

32. Habitat Loss in Ruby’s Future

Ruby’s future:

• forests have disappeared,
• many animal species have gone extinct,
• old habitats no longer support them.

33. Scarce Water in Ruby’s Future

Ruby:

• water is scarce,
• hard to find,
• families travel long distances to reach clean water.

Bu, water-shortage consequence’larının future scenario’sudur.

34. Poor Waste Management

Ruby: **soil pollution from your poor waste management**

makes farming difficult.

35. Resource Overuse

Ruby: people used resources:

• too much,
• too fast.

Result:

• very little left in 2060.

36. Environmental Problem Chain

A frequent Theme 7 question type is a chain:

**human activity → problem → result**

Examples:

• industrial chemicals → soil pollution → plants cannot grow naturally
• deforestation → habitat loss → biodiversity decline
• cars → greenhouse gases → larger carbon footprint
• urbanisation → more electricity demand → energy pressure
• poor waste management → soil pollution → food shortage

37. “So” for Cause and Effect

Theme 7 Language Awareness uses:

**These chemicals cause soil pollution, so plants cannot grow naturally any more.**

**Biodiversity declines as a result, so natural disasters become more devastating.**

38. Cause and Effect with “As a Result”

Source:

**Biodiversity declines as a result, so natural disasters become more devastating.**

“As a result” bir önceki nedenin sonucunu işaret eder.

39. Cause-and-Effect Rewrite

Theme 7 exercise asks students to rewrite:

• People cut down trees. Animals lose their natural habitats.
• Factories release waste. Water resources become dirty.

as cause-effect sentences.

40. Relative Clauses

Theme 7 also uses:

• who
• which
• that

to provide essential information.

Examples:

• species **that need clean water**
• industrial activities **which release harmful chemicals**
• people **who live in rural areas**

41. Environmental Issues and Communities

Language Awareness completion text:

**Environmental issues affect communities that rely on natural resources to survive.**

Industrialisation:

• pollution levels rise,
• natural resources become unsafe.

Urbanisation:

• brings overpopulation,
• people face water shortages and pollution more than ever.

42. India vs Nigeria

India main problem cluster:

• water shortage
• unsafe freshwater
• decreasing groundwater
• overpopulation
• urban pressure

Nigeria main problem cluster:

• energy crisis
• urbanisation
• industrialisation
• electricity demand
• poverty

43. Global Problems Affect Human Life

Vocabulary reading introduction: deforestation, habitat destruction, loss of biodiversity and soil pollution:

**harm nature and affect human life negatively.**

Bu nedenle environmental problems yalnız ecosystem’i değil, human life’ı da etkiler.

44. Natural Balance

Pronunciation passage:

• natural resources are not always used wisely,
• the universe is losing its natural balance,
• habitat destruction, overpopulation and poverty make life difficult.

45. Sustainable Environment

Language Awareness: natural balance has changed, so: **we do not live in a sustainable environment any more**

ifadesi kullanılır.

Bu sonuç environmental problems’ın uzun vadeli etkisini vurgular.

46. Consolidation Problem List

Theme 7 Consolidation includes:

• deforestation
• air pollution
• industrialisation
• habitat destruction
• greenhouse gases
• energy crisis
• overpopulation
• urbanisation
• water shortage
• climate change
• poverty
• landslides

Bu liste Theme 7’nin problem vocabulary’sini pekiştirir.

47. Source Boundary

Bu pakette yalnız ders kitabında geçen:

• problem definitions,
• country examples,
• cause-effect chains,
• future scenario,
• grammar structures

kullanılır.

Kitapta olmayan environmental statistics, external country data veya additional scientific classifications eklenmez.

Sık Karıştırılan Noktalar

• deforestation / habitat destruction
• habitat destruction / loss of biodiversity
• soil pollution / water pollution
• climate change / global warming
• greenhouse gas / carbon footprint
• water shortage / freshwater
• overpopulation / urbanisation
• urbanisation / industrialisation
• energy crisis / energy resource
• flood / landslide
• poverty / energy crisis
• cause / consequence
• who / which / that
• so / as a result

Soru Çözerken Kullanılabilecek Yaklaşım

1. cutting many trees → deforestation.
2. loss of living places → habitat destruction.
3. disappearance of many plant/animal types → loss of biodiversity.
4. harmful chemicals/waste in ground → soil pollution.
5. not enough clean water → water shortage.
6. not enough power/fuel/electricity → energy crisis.
7. too many people for food/water/space → overpopulation.
8. growth of cities from migration → urbanisation.
9. building many factories → industrialisation.
10. gas trapping heat → greenhouse gas.
11. amount of CO₂ produced → carbon footprint.
12. long-term heating of Earth → global warming.
13. long-term shift in temperatures/weather → climate change.
14. water covering normally dry area → flood.
15. rocks/soil moving down hill → landslide.
16. India → water shortage cluster.
17. Nigeria → energy crisis cluster.
18. Ruby → future scarcity + soil pollution + food shortage.
19. so → consequence.
20. who → people; which/that → things.
21. Source dışı problem bilgisi ekleme.

Konu Özeti

**Forest & Biodiversity**

• deforestation
• habitat destruction
• loss of biodiversity
• extinction

**Pollution**

• soil pollution
• water pollution
• harmful chemicals
• poor waste management

**Water**

• water shortage
• unsafe freshwater
• decreasing groundwater

**Population & Development**

• overpopulation
• urbanisation
• industrialisation
• poverty

**Energy & Climate**

• energy crisis
• greenhouse gases
• carbon footprint
• climate change
• global warming

**Disasters**

• floods
• landslides

**Food**

• food shortage from difficult farming

Konuyu Bitirdiğinde Bunları Yapabiliyor Olmalısın

• Theme 7 global-problem vocabulary’sini tanıyabilmelisin.
• deforestation-habitat-biodiversity zincirini açıklayabilmelisin.
• pollution ile water/soil problems arasındaki bağlantıyı anlayabilmelisin.
• India ve Nigeria examples’ını doğru problem cluster’larıyla eşleştirebilmelisin.
• greenhouse gas, carbon footprint, climate change ve global warming’i ayırt edebilmelisin.
• cause-effect sentences’i “so” ile anlayabilmelisin.
• relative clauses içindeki who, which ve that kullanımını tanıyabilmelisin.